Machine for tempering razor blades



Oct. 27, 1925. 1,559,095

- F. G. HENRY MACHINE FOR TEMPERING RAZOR BLADES Filed Feb, 2, 1921 '7Sheets-Sheet 1 *FT 1* INVENTOR A TORNEY5 Oct. 27, 1925. 1,559,095

F. G. HENRY MACHINE FOR TEMPERING RAZOR BLADES Filed Feb. 2, 1921 '7Sheets-Sheet Ell: Z

I NVENTOR ATT RNEYJ &

7 Sheets-Sheet TORNEY5 Oct. 27 1925- F. G. HENRY ugnma FOR wursnme RAZORamass Filed Feb. 2, 1921 'IIIIJ'IIIIII/IIIII. I

' F. G. HENRY MACHINE FOR TEMPERING RAZOR BLADES Fiied Feb. 2, 1921 '7Sheets-Shed s- Oct. 27,1925- FVGJ HENRY" MACHINE FOR TEIIPERING RAZORBLADES F1105 Fe 2, 1921 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 INVENTOR 72 7 lORNEYS n9 v3 QR.

' act automatically the tempering mechanism and to deliver the PatentedOct. 27, 1925.

' FERDINAND e. HENRY, or PHILADELPHIA, PnNNsYL AssIeNMENTsmow'ALnEnKNIFE COMPANY, OF WALDEN, NEW YORK, A CORPORA- 'TION OF NEW Yonx.

' MACHINE non TEMPERING RAZOR BLADES.

- Application filed February 2,1921. Seriallfl'o. 441.730.

T 0 all whom it may concern: f Be it known that I, Frizz-n1 a citizen ofthe United States. residing at 2908 North 26th St, North Philadelphia,

invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for TemperingRazor Blades, of which the following is a clear, full, and exactdescription. This invention relates to machines for hardening n'ietallicarticles or for giving Pennsylvania, have such farticlesthe required derees of hard ness and toi g hness, the term temperingapplying generallytosuch operations. The invention is illustrated in the presentapplication as embodied in a machine for hardening thin removable bladessuch as are employed in certain classesoi" safety razors. Theinventionin its'broa'de r aspects, however, is not'limited tomachines'for tempering thisparticul ar class of blades, but certainfeatures thereotmiy be embodied with advantage in machines for tempering-other kinds of blades and certain teatures-= also may beapplied,to'niaohines'for tempering other articles. he principal toimprove a construction and mode of operation of machines for temperingblades, and to producea machine which is constructed to handle blades inlarge quantities efiiciently and rapidly and by which the blades will bepresented vto the heating,- cooling or other tempering.mechanism in areliable manner with the expenditure of a minimum of labor andattention. 1

With these objects in view certain important features of the inventionrelate to mechanism or handling the-blades to subject the same to theaction o'ithe tempering mechai n. The blade handling mechanismpreferablyconstructedand arranged to to present the blades to bladestherefrom after the tempering operanon. The machine in which theinvention is embodied may advantageously be provided with a blade supplyholder and with a blade receiving device, and the inventor contemplatesas a feature of the invention, the provision of automatically actingmechanism for taking the blades from the supply holdenpresenting theblades to the tempering mechanism and delivering the same tothereceiving device after-being tempered.

" ND G l HENRY,-

objects of the invention are.

The inventor contemplates as one of the more specific features o'f theinvention the provision of one or 'more blade holding-turrets forcarrying the blades'at certain points in the operation of presenting theblades to the tempering mechanism and-delivering the sametherefrompa'turretconstituting a simple and eiiicient means for carryingthe bladesin a machine of this type. The blades maybe applied toandtaken from the turret in any suitable manner, but in order to relievethe operator of unnecessary labor and attention, it is preferred toembody in the machine l automatically acting mechanism for inserting'theblades iii-succession in the turret andt'or taking the blades from the'turretafter their presentation to the tempering mechanism. 2

In the preferred form of the invention, means is provided forheating'the blades to a relativelyhigh temperature, and means for VANIA,nssrenon, BY .mnsnn thereafter cooling orchilling the blades to hardenthe same, and in this form of the invention one turret is provided forcarry:

ing the blades into and out of the range of action of the heating means,and another turret for carrying the blades out of the range of action ofthe cooling means, the

blades being automatically transferred from one turret to theother. I v

To permit the rapid and efiicient handling of the blades and reduce thelaborrequired intreating the blades in the present form. of theinvention a supply galley is provided from which the blades aredelivered to the mechanism for presenting the blades to the temperingmechanism, and :a receiving galley is also provided into which theblades are delivered after the ten'ipering operation. The gulleys arepreferably identical in construction and are removably mounted in themachine so that they may be transferred from one to the other of aseries oi. machines for operating on blades, the receiving gal- Theinvention will be clearly understood from the accompanying drawingsillustrating the invention in its preferred form and the followingdetailed description of the corn structions therein shown.

In the drawings Fig. 1 is a plan view of a machine enibodying theinvention.

Fig. 2 is a view in rear elevation of the machine.

Fig. 3 is a view of the machine partly in vertical section and partly inside elevation looking from the right.

Fig. 4 is a detail view in vertical section taken substantially on theline 44 of Fig. 1.

Fig. is a detail view in vertical section taken substantially on theline 5-5 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a detail view in vertical section illustrating particularlycertain parts of the mechanism for .handling blades.

Fig. 7 is a detail view partly in front elevation and partly in section,illustrating the blade handling mechanism.

Fig. 8 is a detail perspective view illus-.

trating certain of the parts shown in Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a detail sectional view illustrating the supply galley andcertain associated parts.

Fig. 10 is a detail sectional view illustrating the receiving galley andcertain parts of the mechanism for projecting blades into the galley.

Fi 11 is a detail sectional view taken substantially on the line 11-11of Fig. 7, and

Figs. 12 and 13 are perspective views illustrating respectively the camdisks for actuz-iting certain parts of the blade handling lllOC-Ll anism.

In the machine embodying the preferred form of the invention asillustrated in the drawings of the present application, a supply galleycontaining a pack of blades to be tempered is placed in the machinepreparatory to starting the operation. The blades are then tak n fromthe supply galley suc cessively, are inserted in a blade holding et andare carried by the turret into the 'e of action of a heating mechanismby ladcs are heated to a relatively .liich the o igh temperature.

In the drawings, 2 indicates the supply galley which is removablymounted in a suitable TOC0l\ ?l1 groove in an arm 4 on the frame of themachine. The galley 2 is provided with lateral ribs 6 forming a centralgnideway in the galley adapted to receive a pack of blades placed faceto face. The blades contained in the supply galley are deliveredsuccessively from the inner or rear end of the preferably by a movementof the pack of trades in a direction substantially normal to the bladeplane. The blades are preferably delivered from the rear end of thegalley into a suitable transverse guideway constructed for the passageof the blades therethrough by a movement of the lades in a directionsubstantially parallel with the blade plane and arranged to present theblades to the blade carrying turret. In the illustrated constructionthis transverse guideway indicated at 8 is formed by registering groovesin two contacting plates forming portions of the machine frame as shownin Fig. 6 and is slightly wider and thicker than the correspondingdimensions of a blade so that a blade may be passed readily therethreughendwise.

The machine illustrated is provided with mechanism arranged to act onthe pack of blades in the supply galley which tends constantly to forcethe blades toward the rear end of the galley so as to carry the bladessuccessively into the transverse guideway 8. This mechanism comprises anarm 10 secured to a block 12 mounted to slide longitudinally on a rod 14suported at its end in the frame of the machine, the arm 10 beingarranged to engage the forward blade of the pack in the supply galley asshown in Fig. 9. The block 12 is acted upon by a cable 16 attached atoneend to the block and passing about guide pulleys 18, 20 and 21, and aweight 22 attached to the opposite end of the cable which tend to forcethe block 12 and the arm 10 constantly toward the rear end of the supplygalley. The blades are removed successively from the rear end of thepack in the supply galley by a movement of the rear blade endwisethrough the guidevvay 8 and after the removal of each blade the nextblade is carried into the guideway 8 by the action of the arm 10 on thepack of blades.

The galley 2 may advantageously be provided at its rear end with. bladeretaining springs as indicated at 24 having inwardly bent portions 26arranged to engage the rear face of the rear blade of a pack in thegalley to hold the pack in position. lVhen a galley full of blades isplaced in the machine to serve as the supply galley, however, the endsof the retaining springs 24 are moved downwardly so that they will notinterfere with the movement of the pack of blades through the galley. Tothis end pins 28 having bevelled ends are mounted on the frame inposition to engage bevelled ends formed on the springs 24 and force thesprings outwardly when the supply galley is placed in the machine.

The blades are transferred successively from the guideway 8 into theblade carry-- ing turret 30 having a series of blade receiving openingsor slots 32, and arranged to ca the blades into the range of action ofthe heating mechanism. To enable the blades conveniently to be projectedin succession into the blade receiving slots 32, a

.5 9 in portions of the I 7 within the guideway 8 is pushed from theguideway into the registering slot 32.

The blades are carried in succession from the guideway 8 into the slot32 preferably by means of a blade actuator to which a reciprocatorymovement is imparted in timed relation to the movement of the turret tocarry the blades successively from the guide Way into the turret, In thepresent machine;

this blade actuator, indicated at 34 in the drawings, consists of a thinplate mounted to slide in the guideway 8 and arranged to carry a bladethrough the uideway by the engagement of its end with the end of abla'deas shown in Fig. 7. The mechanism for moving the blade actuator-34comprises a lever 36 pivoted at 38 on thetframe of the machine, theupper arm of which is formed with a slot in which engages a rod or pin39 secured to the blade actuator 34 '(see Fig. 6). The lower arm of thelever 36 carries a cam roll 40 which engages in a cam groove formed in acam disk. 42 mounted on a cam shaft 44.

The turret 30 is mounted upon a shaft/l6 to rotate with the shaft and isarranged with relation to suitable mechanism for heating the blades to arelatively high temperature so that the blades inserted in the bladereceiving slots 32 are carried'into the range of action 1 of the Vheating mechanism by. the irotary movement of the turret The mechanismfor imparting the'rotary step by step movement above described, to theturret, comprises a bevel gear 48 secured to the shaft 46 and anintermeshing bevel gear: 50 secured to the upper end of a vertical shaft52. To the lower end of the shaft 152 is secured a bevel gear 54 meshingwitlr'av bevel gear 56 secured to a horizontal shaft" 58 which isintermittently driven from thecam shaft 44 through a Genevadrivemechanism. This Geneva mechanism: comprises a slotted disk 60 securedtothe shaft 58 and a-roll 62 secured to an arm 64 to the shaft 44,

the parts being arranged so that aquarter of a revolutionis imparted tothe shaft 58 during each rotation of the shaft 44. The disk 60 is heldfrom rotation while the shaft 44 is making three quarters of arevolution by means of a disk 66 secured to the shaft 44 and having anarcuate periphery arranged to engage in arcuate recesses in the disk 60to hold the latter disk from rotation and a recess 68. to receive theprojectb tion of the latter disk.

f The mechanism for heating the blades to a relatively high temperaturemay befof any suitable kind orftype' which hasbeen found to give themost'satisfactory' results blade turret 30. Asshown in "actuator.

diskl60 during the rota-v carried from the in actual practice; Inthepreferred form of the invention theheating means comprises a heating'chamber which will for convenience be hereinafter termed a crucibleinto which the blades are carried bythe the drawings this crucible,which is indicated generally at 69,

is semi-circular in form and the turret rotates within the same, asclearly shown, in the drawings and more particularly in Fig. 5 thereof.I

Thecrucible comprises a casing 70 preferably made of a material whichishighly fireresisting and a poor conductor of heat, .a double metalshell 72 surrounding said casing and a lining 74 preferably made of amaterial which is highly fire resisting and a good conductor of heatsupported in spaced relation to the casing by means of posts 76 therebyforming a combustion chamber 78. The crucible is heated by means of aseries of Bunsen burners 80 secured to the shell 72 and arranged to openinto the combustion chamber v'78. -The se burners are preferablyarranged in' pairs and directed. angularly with relation to each other,as shown clearly in F ig. 5,7so that-they will heat up the lining of thecrucible uniformly and are supplied with gas through a supply pipe 81. 7I

After the blades are heated to a relatively high temperature by thepassage iof the same through the crucible in the 'manner described, theyare plungedv into a suitable cooling .bath by which the blades arechilled to harden the same; In the present embodiment of the inventionthe blades in the course of transfer from the turret from the turretinto a transverse guideway 82, similar to the guideway 8. The rotarymovement of the turret carries the slots 32 successively intoregistration with the guideWayLSQ and the blades arepushed from theturret into the guideway preferably by means of a reciprocatory blade Inthe machine shown, this blade actuator indicated at 84 in the, drawingis mounted to slide longitudinally in suitable guides in the frame andis arranged so that its end will engage the ends of the 'lOU bladeslocated in the slots in the turret 30, as shown in Fig. 7. The mechanismfor actuating the slide 84 comprises a'lever 86 pivoted at 38 onthefrai'ne, the upper arm of which is provided with a slot in whichengages a rod or pin 88 secured to theslide 84. T he lower arm of thelever 86 carries a cam roll 90 arranged to engage in a cam groove formedin a cam disk 92 secured to the cam shaft 44. I

o By movement of the slide 84 a blade is turret into the "uideway 82 andthrough the latterguideway into the positionshown in dotted lines,

the movement of the blade being limited by its engagement with a stop:lever 94- pivoted at 96 on the frame. \Vhen a blade rcacher-s thisposition it is located: over the upp r end of a guideway 97 forn'ied bygroov in vertically extending members 98 arranged to receive the ends ofa blade as shown in Fig. 7.

If the guideway 97 were open during the movement of a blade along theguideway 82 to the guideway 97, the right hand end of the blade whichreaches the guideway 97 first would tend to drop i: ore the whole bladewas over the latter would often cause the blade guideway 97. To avoidblade is carried along o jam in the this (.lllllCUltEQ as a the guideway92 toward the guideway 97 the upper end of ti e latter uidewm 1S closedb a ulate 1.00

mounted in suitable guides to slide in directions substantially normalto the plane of the guideway 82. The plate 100, which lar in crosssection is secured to the rear end of a rod 102 mounted to slide in anopen ing in a projection 104 on frame. As a blade is carried through theguideway 82 to the guideway 97 the plate 10 .41 positioned to close theupper end of the guideway 97 so that the blade is carried onto the uppersurface of the plate. it lter the blade is carried onto the plate, theplate is moved forwardly, allowing the blade in the guideway to dropdownwardly through the guideway' 97. The blade then will be positionedsquarely with relation to the guideway 97 as it starts to droptherethrough. The mechanisx-n for actuating the plate 100 in this mannerin the present machine comprises a lever 10 pivoted at 108 on the frame,the forked right hand end of which engages between flanges on a collar109 secured to the rod 102 and the left hand end of which carries a roll110 arranged to engage the slide 84-. The slide Set is formed with a cam112 which engages the roll 110 and actuates the lever 106 to move theplate 100 rearwardly to close the upper end of guideway 97 during theright hand movement of the slide 82 before the blade actuated by theslide reaches the guideway 97. The rod 102 is actuated to move the plate100 forwardly as the slide 8% moves back to the left by means of aweight 114 connected with the rod by means of a cable 116 passing over aguide roll 12.8.

T he blades as they drop by gravity through the guideway 97 plunge intoa suitable cooling bath by which the blades are chilled to impart theproper degree of hardness to the metal. The movement of the blades intothe cooling bath under gravitational action is of advantage in that itcauses the quick chilling of the blades, which is important in impartingthe proper degree of hardness thereto.

In the illustrated construction the mem- Les-9,095

bers 98 extend downwardly into atank containing a suitable liquid forcooling the blad s Preferably a bath consisting of a quantity of waterwith a layer of oil floating on the upper surface thereof is employedsince this has been found to give the proper degree of ha" and toughnessto the lades. Prefc ably, also water is supplied continuously to thetank through a supply pipe 122 and is drawn off from the tank at thesame rate through a waste pipe 12% thereby maintaining the water in thetank at substantially constant temperature.

The blades pass downwardly from the lower end ef the guid'eway 97 into asecond rotary turret 126 by which the blades are removed from the bath.The turret 126 is mounted ona shaft 128- to rotate in a plane inclinedto the horizontal as shown clearly in Figs. 3 and 4, the lower part ofthe turret dipping into the bath in the tank 120 as shown in thesefigures. The lower ends of the members 98 are located just above theupper face of the turret 126 and the turret is formed with a series ofslots 130 in which the blades are deposited from the guid'eway 97. Theslots 130- are closed at their lower ends by means of a non-rotary plate132 secured to the shaft 128.

The turret 126 is given a step by step movement to bring the slots 130successively into position to receive the blades from the guideway 97through a driving mechanism connecting the bevel gear 48 with theturret. This driving mechanism comprises a bevel gear 131- secured tothe rear endof a shaft 136 and meshing with the bevel gear 48, a spurgear 138 secured to the forward end of the shaft 136, a spur gear 140secured to a shaft 142 and meshing with the gear 138, a bevel gear 14stalso secured to the latter shaft and a bevel gear 146 secured to theturret and meshing with the bevel gear 144;.

After a blade is released by the plate 100, the blade in droppingthrough the guideway 97, is liable to'become displaced so that itslongitudinal axis lies oblique to the guideway to such a degree that theblade will in the guideway. To offset this tendency in the machineshown, a straightening device is mounted in the guideway, preferablyabout midway between the top and bottom thereof.

In the present construction the straightening device comprises a lever143:9 pivoted at 150 on the frame and carrying at its lower end a bentplate 152 arranged to enter between the members 98 so as to engage thelower edge of a blade passing downwardly through the guideway 97.

As the blade drops through the guideway 97 uponthe release of the sameby the plate 100 the blade..is caught by the plate 152 and if displacedso that it lies obliquely to the guideway, the blade is, straightened bythe latter plate, the engagement of the blade disk 92.

witlrthis plate causing the blade to assume a position with itslongitudinal axis substantially perpendicular to the guideway. The bladeis thereafter released by'the plate 152 and continues its movementclownwardly through. the guideway 97.

The lever 148 is actuatedto" carryv the plate 152 into blade engagingposition as the plate 100 is moved forwardly torelease a blade and asthe plate 100- is moved rearwardly to close the upper end of theguideway 97 the lever 148 is actuated to carry the plate 152 out ofblade engaging position, allowing the blade held thereby to continue itsmovement downwardly through the guideway 97. The lever 148 is actuatedin this manner from the rod 102 by means of a rod ,154 rigidly securedatits upper end to the rod 102 and a link 156 connecting the lower endof the rod 154 with the lever 148. i

The blades deposited in the slots in the turret 132 after being carriedfrom the cooling bath by the rotation of the turret are deposited in areceiving galley preferably having the same construction as the supplygalley 2. The blades preferably are dropped successively from the slotsin the turret through a guideway 158, the upper end of which is normallyclosed by a slide 160, the guideway being located in line with the slots130. During the rotation of the turret the upper end of the guideway 158is closed by the slide 160. VVhen the turret has come to rest with oneof the slots 130 located over the guideway 158 the slide 160 isretracted, allowing the blade in the slot to drop downwardly through theguideway after which the slide is advanced to its initial position. Theslide is actuated in this manner by means of a lever 162 pivoted at 164on the frame, the upper end of which is slotted to receive a pin securedin the slide. The lower arm of the lever 162 is connected by a link 166with a cam lever 168 pivoted at 170 on the frame and carrying a cam roll172 arranged to engage a cam formed on the lateral face of the cam Thelever 162 is acted. upon by a coiled spring 174 which swings thelever inone direction and also maintains the cam roll 172 in engagement with thecam disk 92.

said guidewayinto a receiving galley 17 6'.

This galley preferably is substantiallyiden with that of the galleyremovably mounted 178 on the frame of for a pack of blades and carriesat-its rear ends blade retaining springsfll82similar to the springs 24of the supply galley, these I V j ing the bladesthe proper temper. Theblades after dropping into the lower The, stop lever 94 insures thepos1tior 1- end of the guideway 158 are pro ected from The galley isprovidedwith springs being frce'to assume their normal blade retainingpositions as shown in Fig. 10. i

The blades are pushed from the guideway 158 by movement thereof. in a.direction substantially normal to the-blade plane by means of a pushbar 184 secured to the lever 162 and operating in an opening in theframe of the machine. As the blades are carried from the guideway 158 bythe push bar, the ends of the blades engage the inclined ends of theretaining springs 182 and push back the endsof the-springs until theblade is carried beyond the inwardly bent portions of the springs, thesprings then springing back to their normal blade holding positions. Tohold the pack of. blades properly in the receiving galley. a weight 186preferably, consisting of a metal block arranged to ffit in the guidewayin the gal- V ley is placed in the, galley so as to. en.- gage theforwardblade of the pack, this weight sliding along the galley as theblades are carried successively into the same.

To I prevent the blades from becoming chilled during their passagethrough the guideway 82, the part of the frame in which this guidewayisformed is surrounded by a heat retaining casing 187'shown indetail inFig. 8. This casing comprises an inner wall 188 preferably madeofcopper, a central wall 190 preferably made of asbestos and spaced'fromthe wall 188, and an outer wall 192 preferably made of sheet iron. Oneend of the casing extends over the crucible as shown clearly in Fig. 1and an opening is formed fromthe crucible into the interior of thecasing between the walls 188 and 190 so that that part of the frame inwhich the guideway 82 is formed is heated to a very high temperature.

The upper part of the turret 30 is enclosed by a' semi-circular casing194 to prevent the turret from cooling rapidly after emerging from thecrucible. The upper portion of the turret is kept comparatively hotalthough the temperature in the casing 194 is not as hot as that in thecrucible. Thus the passage of the blades first through thecasing 194 andthen through the crucible produces a gradual heating of the blades whichis found to'be of advantage in giving of a blade properly to dropthrough. the chute97 before the plate 100 is :moved forwardly and alsoeliminates the danger of injury to the blades or the parts of themachine, should there be any overthrow of the. slide 84. In case thereis a certain amount of overthrow in the movementof the slide 84 to theright, the lever 94 yields as a blade engages the same at the end of themovement of the slide. Then as the slide retracts, the lever swings backto its normal lie position carrying the blade to the left into positiondirectly over the chute 97, the movement of the lever being limited byits engagement with a suitable stop on the frame. To insure themovei'nent of the lever back to its normal position, the lever is actedupon by a Weight 106 threaded on a stud 108 secured in the lever.

The cam shaft 44 driven from a shaft 200, which constitutes the maindriving shaft of the machine, through a worm 202 secured to the lattershaft and a worm wheel 204 secured to the shaft and meshing with theworm. The driving shaft 200 car ries a belt pulley 204 mounted to rotateloosely thereon and adapted to be clutched to the shaft by means of afriction clutch. The inner face of the pulley 204 forms one member ofthis clutch and the other member thereof consists of a disk 20G mountedto rotate with the shaft 200 and movable longitudinally of the shaftinto and out of engagement with the clutch face of the driving pulley.The disk 206 is normally held in engagement with the driving pulley 204by means of a coiled spring 208. The means for moving the disk 206 todisengage the clutch comprises a lever .210 pivoted at 212 on the frame,the lower end of which en gages in a groove in the hub of said disk. Theupper end of the lever 210 is engaged between abutments carried by a rod214 mounted for longitudinal movement in suitable guides in the frameand having handles secured to the opposite ends thereof. Thus the disk206 may be disengaged from the pulley 204 by the longitudinal movementof the rod 214 which may be operated conveniently from either side ofthe machine.

To prevent the supply galley from becoming hot and thus causingdifficulty in the handling of the same, the arm 4 in which the supplygalley is located is maintained at comparatively low temperature. Tothis end the arm is provided witl a chamber 216 into which water isdelivered by meansof an inlet pipe 218. The water discharged from thechamber 216 through the pipe 122 which supplies water to the tank 120.

It will be noted from an inspection of Figs. 1, 4, 5, 7 and 9 that theturrets 30 and 126 comprise unitary rigid structures in which are formedblades receiving slots adapted to hold the blades without clamping thesame, the walls of the slots be ing relatively fixed and the bladesmerely resting in the slots. As clearly shown in Figs. 4 and 5, theslots 32 in the turret 30 are so constructed that when a blade is inserted therein the greater part of the side faces of the blade areexposed, giving a large area of contact for the heated air Within thecrucible.

It is to be understood that the invention is .not limited to theparticular construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in thepresent application, but that the invention may be embodied in otherforms within the scope of the claims.

What is claimed as new is:

1. A machine for tempering blades hav ing in combination temperingmeans, a blade holding turret comprising a unitary rigid structuremounted for movement to move the blades carried thereby relatively tothe tempering).- means, blade holding slots having relatively fixedwalls formed in said turret structure, and arranged to hold the bladeswithout clamping the same, means for inserting blades in the slots andmeans for rotating the turret.

2. A machine for tempering blades having in combination tempering means,a rotary blade holding turret comprising a unitary rigid structuremounted for movement to move the blades carried thereby relatively tothe tempering means, blade holding slots having relatively fixed wallsformed in the turret structure and arranged to hold the blades withoutclamping the same, automatic means for inserting blades in succession insaid slots, and means for rotating the turret.

3. A machine for tempering blades having in combination tempering means,a rotary blade holding turret arranged to carry thin metallic blades andmounted for movement to move the blades carried thereby relatively tothe tempering means, blade holding means carried by the turret, positively actin means for removing blades from the holding means. and meansfor io tating the turret.

4. A machine for tempering blades having in combination tempering means,a retary blade holding turret comprising a unitary rigid structuremounted for movement to more the blades carried thereby relatively tothe tempering means, blade holding slots having relatively fixed wallsformed in said turret structure and arranged to hoid blades withoutclamping the same, a supply galley, means for transferring blades insuccession from the supply galley to the turret, and means for rotatingthe turret.

A machine for tempering blades having in combination tempering means, arotary blade holding turret arranged to car thin metallic blades andmounted for movement to move the blades carried thereby relatively tothe tempering means, blade hold ing means carried by the turret,automati means acting positively to remove blades in succession from theturret and means for rotating the turret.

6. A machine for tempering blades having in combination tempering means,a r0- tary blade holding turret mounted for movement to move bladescarried thereby rela=- tively to the tempering means, ing means carriedby the turret, galley, means for transferring blades in succession fromthe turret to the receiving galley and means for rotating the turret;

7. A machine for tempering blades having in combination tempering means,a To tary blade holding turret comprisinga unitary rigid structuremounted for movement to move blades carried thereby relatively to thetempering me'ans,blade holding slots having relatively fixed wallsformed lnsaid' turret structure and arranged to holdthe blades Withoutclamping the same, a supply galley, means for automatically transferringblades in succession from the supply galley to the slots and forremoving blades from said slots.

8. A machine ing in combination tempering means, a retary blade holdingturret mounted for movement relatively to the tempering means, bladeholding means carried by the turret, a re ceiving galley, means forautomatically inserting blades'in' the holding means and fortransferring'blades in succession; from the holding means to thereceiving galley.

9. A machine for tempering blades hav ing in combination a supplygalley, areceiving galley and means for taking blades in succession fromthe supplygalley, tempering the same and inserting them in the receivingtion.

10. A machine for tempering bladeslhav ing in combination a supplygalley, a receiving galley, tempering means, and automatic mechanismfrom the supply galley, subjecting the blades to the action of thetempering means and inserting the same in the receiving gal ing leyafter the tempering operation.

11. A machine for tempering blades having in combination heating. means,a turret for moving blades relatively to thehe ating means, coolingmeans, a turret for moving blades relatively to the 'cooling means, andmeans'for transferring blades in succession from the first to the secondturret.

12. A machine for tempering blades hav ing in combination heating means,a turret for moving blades relatively to the heating ineans,means forinserting'blades in succession into said turret,'cooling means, aturretfor moving blades relatively to said cooling means, and means fortransferring the .blades'in succession from the first to the secondturret.

13. A machine for tempering blades having in combination heating means,a turret for moving blades relatively to the heating means, coolingmeans, a turret for moving bladesrelatively to the cooling means, meansblade holda receiving for tempering blades havto move blades carriedthereby galley after the tempering opera-,

for taking blades in succession for transferring the blades insuccession from the firstto the second turret, and means for causing thedischarge of the blades in succession irom the secondturret.

ing incombination a crucible, means for heating the crucible, a turretfor carrying blades in succession through the crucible, a cooling bath,a turret for carrying blades in succession through the cooling bath andmeans for transferring the blades 1n succession from the first to thesecond turret. b

16. A machine for ten'iperi'ngblades having in combination a liquidbath,a turret' for carrying blades" in successionthrough the liquid bath,blade holding means car ried by the turret, and means for rotating 17. Amachine fol-tempering blades having in combination a crucible, means forheating. thev crucible, "a turret I01 carrying blades in successionthrough the cru'cible,'a* cooling bath, a turret for carrying blades insuccession through the cooling bath and means for transferring theblades in succession from the first to the second turret. Y

18. A machine for tempering blades, having in combination, means torheating blades, a cooling bath, a chute arranged to guide the blades andto hold the samein a definite angular'p'osition through Which the bladesdrop into said cooling bath and means for causing the transfer of theblades from said. heating means to said chute.

19. A machine for tempering blades, havin combination, means for heatingblades, a cooling bath, a chute through which the blades drop into saidcooling bath, means for causing the transfer of the blades from saidheatingmeans to said chute, and means'for removing the blades from saidbath.

15. A.machine for tempering blades 'hava 20'. A machine fortemperingbla'des, having in' combination, means for heating the blades,"a cooling bathfa. chute th-rou'gh which" the'blades "drop "into saidcooling bath, means for causing the transfer of blades from said heatingmeans to said chute, a rotary turret arranged to" receive bath, and aguidewav discharging directly into the chute through which the bladesare:

carried in transferring the same from the heating means to the chute.

22. A machine for tempering blades, having in. combination, a rotaryturret, a guide- Way arranged to receive blades from said turret andthrough which the blades drop by gravity, a receiving galley, and meansfor carrying the blades from said guideivay into the receiving galley.

23. A machine for tempering blades, having in combination a bladeguideway, blade heating means, a rotary current arranged to receiveblades from said guideivay and to carry the same into the range ofaction of said heating means, means for moving the blades through theguideway into the turret, a cooling bath, a chute through which theblades drop into said cooling bath, a guideivay arranged to receiveblades from said turret and leading to the chute, means for moving theblades from the turret through the guideway to the chute, and a secondturret arranged to receive blades from said chute and to carry the samefrom the cooling bath.

24:. A machine for tempering blades, hav ing in combination a supplygalley, a guideway into which the blades are transferred in successionfrom said supply galley, blade heating means, a turret arranged toreceive blades from said guideivay and to carry the same into the rangeof action of the heating means, means for moving the blades through theguideway into the turret, a cooling bath, a chute through which theblades drop by gravity into the cooling bath, a guideway arranged toreceive blades from the turret and leading to the chute, means formoving the blades from the turret through the guideway to the chute, aturret arranged to receive the blades from said chute and to carry thesame from the cooling bath, a re ceiving galley, and means fortransferring the blades from the second turret to the receiving galley.

25. A machine for tempering blades, having in combination a chutethrough vvhich blades drop under the action of gravity, a guidewayleading to the chute and extending transversely thereof, means forclosing the upper end of the chute at the point Where the guideWaydischarges into the chute before a blade reaches the same in its passagethrough the guideway and for there after opening the chute to allow theblade todrop therethrough, and means for moving blades through theguideway and across the chute closing means to a point directly over thechute.

26. A machine for tempering metal articles, having in combination, meansfor heating such articles, a cooling bath, a chute arranged to guide thearticles and to hold the same in. a definite angular position throughwhich the articles drop under the action of gravity into said coolingbath, and means for causing the transfer of the articles from saidheating means to said chute.

27. A machine for tempering metal articles, having in combination asupply galley, a receiving galley, means for taking the articles insuccession from the supply galley, tempering the same and inserting themin the receiving galley after the tempering operation.

28. A machine for tempering metal articles, having in combinationtempering means, an article holding turret comprising a unitary rigidstructure mounted for movement to move the articles carried therebyrelatively to the tempering means, article holding slots havingrelatively fixed Walls formed in said turret structure and arranged tohold blades Without clamping the same, means for inserting articles inthe slots, and means for rotating the turret.

29. A machine for tempering metal articles, having in combinationtempering means, a rotary article holding turret ar ranged to carry thinmetallic articles and mounted for movement to move the articles carriedthereby relatively to the tempering means, article holding means carriedby the turret, positively acting means for removing articles from theholding means, and means for rotating the turret.

30. A machine for tempering blades, having in combination a blade supplyholder, a blade receiving device arranged to receive and hold inposition a series of blades placed face to face, tempering mechanism andautomatically acting mechanism for taking the blades from the supplyholder, presenting the blades to the tempering mechanism and deliveringthe same to the receiving device after being tempered.

81. A machine for tempering metal articles, having in combination aholder adapted to hold a supply of such articles, a receiving deviceadapted to receive a number of such articles andto hold the same indefinite relative positions, tempering mechanism and automaticallyacting means for taking the articles from the supply holder, presentingthe articles to the tempering mechanism and delivering the same each ina definite position to the receiving .dev-ice after being tempered.

32. A machine for handling articles having, in combination, a turretprovided With transverse article receiving slots having relatively fixedside Walls constructed to hold articles Without clamping the same, aguideivay arranged to deliver articles into the slots in the turret fromone side thereof, and means for rotating the turret to bring the slotssuccessively into posit-ion to receive articles from the guideway.

33. A machine for handling articles having, in combination, a rotaryturret pro- .intothe turret, a second gu'ideway arrange 7 .bring intoposition to receive vided with a series of article holding devices, aguideway arranged to receive articles from the turret and constructed tohold articles in definite positions while passing through the same, andmeans for rotat ing the turret to bring the article holding devicessuccessively into positions to discharge the articles into the guideway.

34;. A machine for handling articles having, in combination, a rotaryturret, a series of article holding devices carried by the turret, aguideway arranged to deliver'articles toreceive articles fromthe turret,said guideways being constructed to hold articles in definite positionswhile passing through the same, and means for rotating the turret to thearticle holding devices successively articles from the first guidewayand todischarge articles into the second guideway. V 35. A machinefortempering blades, having, in combination, a heating chamber, meansfor heating the chamber arranged to roduce a higher'temperature in oneportion of said chamber than in another portion thereof, and a rotaryblade holding turret arranged to carry the blades first through theportion of the chamber in which the lower temperature is produced andthen through the portion of said chamber in which the higher temperatureis produced to heat up the blades gradually.

36. A machine for tempering'blades having in combination temperingmeans, a solid disk-like turret arranged with relation to the temperingmeans to leave both sides of the turret exposed to the action of saidmeans and provided with slots extending through the turret from one sideto the other thereof and adapted to hold blades therein without clampingthe same and means for rotating the turret to move the blades carriedthereby tempering means. v

87. A machine for tempering blades having in combination temperingmeans, a rorelatively to the relation tion of said means and providedwith'slots extending through the turret from one side to the otherthereof and adaptedto hold blades therein without clamping the same andarrange for the insertion and removal of blades from the side of theturret and means for rotating the turret to move the blades carriedthereby relatively to the tempering means. g 38. A machine for temperingblades having, in combination, a rotary, solid, disklike turret mountedto rotate substantially in a vertical plane, and having blade-holdingslots extending transversely through the turret from one side to theother thereof, in which the blades rest by gravitational action, acrucible surrounding a portion 0 said turret and leaving both sides ofthe turret exposed to the heat within the crucible, and means forheating the crucible. 7

Signed at New February1921.

York city this 1st day of FERDINAND G. HENRY.

tary solid disk-like turret arranged with to the tempering'means toleave d both sides of the turret exposed to the ac- 5

